studies related to the second language acquisition have frequently focused on the role of mother tongue. since the learner’s knowledge in the first language provides a basis to compare it with that of second language, it is assumed that being aware of the learner’s prior knowledge is affective in the syllabus design which itself is a crucial element in teaching. in this study personal pronouns ...

This paper examines and compares the syntactic and semantic behaviour of the morpheme že 'that' in subordinate and independent clauses in Czech. I show that že does not have exactly the same properties in these two contexts. In embedded contexts, že combines with a declarative clause (proposition) and obligatorily marks its syntactic dependence. In independent contexts, že appears in interrogat...

In Japanese, there are a large number of notational variants of words. This is because Japanese words are written in three kinds of characters: kanji (Chinese) characters, hiragara letters, and katakana letters. Japanese students study basic rules of Japanese writing in school for many years. However, it is difficult to learn which variant is suitable for a certain context in official, business...

ABSTILACT A model of Japanese honorific expressions ill situation semantics is proposed. Situation semantics provides considerable power for analyzing the complicated structure of Japanese honorific expressions. The main feature of this model is a set of basic rules for context switching in honorific sentences. Mizutani~ theory of Japanese honorifics is presented and incorporated in the model w...

In this article, the authors propose an improved context-aware system to support the learning of Japanese mimicry and onomatopoeia (MIO) using sensor data. In the authors’ two previous studies, they proposed a context-aware language learning assistant system named JAMIOLAS (JApanese MImicry and Onomatopoeia Learning Assistant System). The authors used wearable sensors and sensor networks, respe...